"Neurological manifestations of COVID-19"

Uzročnik COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pripada porodici koronavirusa, heterogenoj skupini RNA virusa. Dva su osnovna puta ulaska SARS-CoV-2 u središnji živčani sustav, hematogeni i neuralni. Osim izravnih oštećenja virusom, uzrok neuroloških manifestacija COVID-19 mogu biti i neizravni mehanizmi, kao što su sistemski upalni odgovor na infekciju, autoimuni odgovor te hipoksična oštećenja mozga. Brojne su neurološke manifestacije COVID-19 vezane za afekciju središnjeg te perifernog živčanog sustava i skeletnih mišića. Neurološke komplikacije se mogu javiti kod blažih formi COVID-19, ali i u teškim oblicima bolesti kada dovode do većeg mortaliteta. Pretpostavlja se da bi infekcija SARS-CoV-2 mogla dugoročno dovesti do veće učestalosti različitih neurodegenerativnih poremećaja. COVID-19 je nova bolest, koja sa sobom nosi mnoge nepoznanice i pitanja na koja tek trebamo naći odgovor. U uvjetima pandemije bolnice moraju poduzeti odgovarajuće organizacijske mjere kako bi osigurale pružanje primjerene skrbi bolesnicima s COVID-19. Obzirom na multisistemske kliničke manifestacije COVID-19 u liječenju bolesnika neophodan je multidisciplinarni pristup kako bi se postigli optimalni ishodi liječenja, prevenirale daljnje komplikacije te poboljšala kvaliteta života nakon preboljenja bolesti.SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) belongs to the coronavirus family, a heterogeneous group of RNA viruses and causes COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019). SARS-CoV-2 enters the central nervous system through two primary routes: hematogenous and neural. In addition to direct virus damage, secondary causes of COVID-19 neurological symptoms could include systemic inflammatory response to infection, autoimmune reaction, and hypoxic brain injury. Numerous neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are associated with central and peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscle effects. Neurological complications can occur in milder forms of COVID-19 but also in severe forms of the disease when they lead to higher mortality. It has been proposed that SARS-CoV-2 infection may increase the occurrence of several neurodegenerative disorders in the long term. COVID-19 is a novel disease with a lot of unknowns and problems that we don't have the answers to yet. In a pandemic situation, hospitals must take appropriate organizational measures to ensure that COVID-19 patients receive adequate care. Because of the multisystem clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in the treatment of patients, a multidisciplinary approach is required to achieve optimal treatment outcomes, prevent further complications, and improve quality of life after overcoming the disease